Health Supplements Should People Take Health Supplements...

Being healthy is the most important thing to improve and protect mind and body. There are a lot of ways to stay healthy such as medical checkups, exercise, stress reduction, adequate sleep and eating properly. A healthy diet includes avoiding foods with poor nutrition, eating certain foods and taking supplements. Health supplements reduce deficiencies in the bodies of people who need nutrients and cannot find them in nature. The amount of money spent by Americans on health supplements per year is around one and a half to two billion dollars, so supplements are a good investment for their health. However, some people believe that the need for supplements is â€Å"marketing†, and a waste of money. They assume supplements are not necessary for†¦show more content†¦This research illustrates how omega-3 is important to ensure people with a sick heart will have a healthier heart, so they should not avoid or procrastinate in taking it. Further, there are other supplements th at help to decrease high blood pressure. For example, a lack of zinc causes arterial plaque and hypertension (Tweed, par.18). Therefore, taking zinc can guarantee maintaining the heart in worthy physical shape. Furthermore, lack of magnesium can also cause high blood pressure (Tweed, pars.9). Magnesium can solve some health problems, such as heart palpitations and is also useful for migraines, constipation and muscle cramps (Tweed, pars.9-10). Consequently, magnesium is an effective supplement to reduce high blood pressure and promote better health. Taking supplements can lead to a healthier heart, so they should be part of a good lifestyle. Maintaining strong bones is another reason for taking health supplements. They help to increase and maintain bone density. For example, according to â€Å"Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements: Take Them or Leave Them?†, calcium contributes to having sturdier bones which is important for aging adults when their bones become weaker and break easily (par.3). Older adults ought to take calcium to enhance their bones greater strength. Furthermore, calcium should be taken with Vitamin D so that it can be absorbedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Use of Steroids in Sports1559 Words   |  7 Pagesathletes, many of them dont understand the risks involved in taking these drugs. Many people are looking for a quick way to build muscle, or to get stronger the fastest way possible. Using these performance aids may very well be a quick fix for many athletes, but taking these supplements is unethical and dangerous. Using special drugs to boost an athletes performance is degrading to sports and to t he athlete. The human body can produce the same substances naturally, without taking drugs, but people continueRead MoreSupplements : Helpful Or Harmful?898 Words   |  4 Pages Supplements: Helpful or Harmful? Introduction Something that everyone in life strives to do is life a healthy lifestyle. By doing this, they take proteins, vitamins, BCAA’s, and numerous other supplements. Something that never crosses their mind while taking the product is that there could actually be something that could potentially harm their body. Often times, vitamins include some form of additive to enhance the pill, whether it be for the taste, or form (LiveStrong Foundation). ThreeRead More Regulating Dietary Supplements Essay2107 Words   |  9 Pagesthe United States take vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other supplements (Schardt 2). Due to media advertising, dietary supplements are becoming more popular. Companies compete to have the best supplements. It is said that forty percent of American adults take vitamin supplements and over the counter products, which total in several billion dollars (Farley 2). Although many of the supplements claim to be healthy and help lose weight, the dangers are endless. Dieta ry supplements can be illegally spikedRead More Sports Supplements Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pages Sports Supplements Athletes are competitive. They go out there to win. But, at all costs? Why are athletes willing to sacrifice their long term health in order to have one outstanding season? Will it be worth it when they are hooked up to machines in order to stay alive? Many athletes do not think that taking a supplement will harm them. They are strong, tough athletes, nothing can harm them, right? So, they start taking creatine or andro, or both. For most, they lose body fat, gain strength andRead MoreProfessional Athletes and Drug Use Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not get the punishment that they deserve instead they receive punishment that is too lenient. The penalties for professional athletes who use drugs are too lenient, they should be more severe. Examples of drugs that are used by most athletes are the following: Anabolic Steroids, Dietary supplements, Blood Doping, Stimulants, Narcotics and Corticosteroids, and Alcohol. Anabolic steroids are used illegally by athletes, to increase muscle mass and strength. Anabolic steroidsRead MoreA Solar Powered Window Phone Charger Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesobjects. What about the alteration of one’s own body so that it can compete with the standards or expectations so often set by today’s work ethic? At some point during our lives we come to the conclusion that are bodies can only go so far, before it needs to rest. Unfortunately, there just isn’t enough energy in one’s body to do multiple tasks in a single instance of time in a day. There are, however, a multitude of energy drinks used to help people stave off exhaustion, but the benefit of their useRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1204 Words   |  5 Pagesprotecting the health of the public by making sure that food, medications are safe and effective. Especially when it comes to the pharmaceutical industry, its mission is to regulate pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as the drug approval process. However, in the recent years, many argu ments and controversy regarding drug development and regulation have risen. Drug advertisements make false and misleading claims, products are being put out on the market without any proof of safety, causing many unwantedRead MoreUse Or Lose Memory?1671 Words   |  7 PagesUse or Lose Memory Memory is a fickle part of a person’s genetic makeup. It plays a very important role in person’s life. It not only helps a person develop, but it also helps people with coping with stress. As a person continues to grow and age, memory can be influenced by many factors such as: nutrition, sleep, medication, as well as physical and mental exercise. Unfortunately, both short-term and long-term memory can be lost as a person ages due to the atrophy of brain matter, specifically greyRead MoreMarketing Plan For Target Nutrition3262 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract This report aims to deliver an effective marketing plan for Target Nutrition, an online sports supplement store focussing on own-label brands that have been rigorously tested with minimal side effects. The company’s unique objectives are to provide greater knowledge for the customer, on the various products sold, how this fits in with the customers’ fitness goals and advice for future targets and development. Therefore the company will not only provide products but also an accompanying serviceRead MoreObesity Epidemic in America1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States of America is the fattest country in the world. Obesity in America has reach epidemic proportions. Obesity and weight gain has become major concern of public health in the United States. In every state, at least twenty percent of adults are obese, and in twelve of these states the obesity rate is above thirty percent. Mississippi currently holds the highest rate of obesity with 34.9 percent of its resi dents being obese. On the contrary, Colorado has the lowest rate of obesity with

Should College Be Free College - 1688 Words

How could it possibly be squeezed into the government’s budget? Do they have a secret fund for things like this, or would taxes increase to cover the costs? Free college is now brought up as a debate whether or not students should receive free college tuition while attending college. Some individuals would like this idea, but I am definite the taxpayers would not like it or support it. If the government cannot afford what they are in debt with now, I am quiet uncertain how adding free college would help the debt go down. I am sure that the government would find some way to get their money back from allowing free tuition, or twice the amount the payed by increasing taxes on everything from taxpayers to sales tax. Although it would be extremely pleasant to have free tuition, the tax increase would most likely hurt the taxpayers worse than paying college tuition. I am very much so against providing free college to everyone that graduates high school. Free college would be setting the government up to continue in recession. My biggest concern about offering free college, is how the students who already have student loans be forgiven for the loan amount and have free tuition and debt free as everyone else would be. While more people would have reliable jobs, college should not be free to society because the government budget could not stretch to allow it, more people would take advantage of college because it is free, and taxes would raise on the population. Most people areShow MoreRelatedShould College Be Free College?848 Words   |  4 Pages Free College Why are not more people going to college? One obvious answer would be cost, especially the cost of tuition. But the problem is not just that college is expensive. It is also that going to college is complicated. Free college is not just about cultural and social, neither economic. It means navigating advanced courses, standardized tests, and forms. It means figuring out implicit rules-rules that can change. College graduates have higher employment ratesRead MoreShould College Be Free College?1614 Words   |  7 Pagescandidates because of his belief that tuition and cost of living at public colleges and universities should be free. Free college has become one of the most talked about policy proposals on the campaign trail, but questions surround the policy, such as how it would work, how much it would cost and how it would affect students (Rhatican). Most colleges bundle their prices in terms of tuition and fees. In 1995, tuition for private colleges was around 14k, for Public out of state it was around 7k and for publicRead MoreShould College Be Free? Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesShould college be free? A current universal problem poses this question. In today’s world, full of public education standards that hold students maybe too high and in a generation bogged down by student debt, this issue qualifies as a problem more than many are maybe even willing to admit. While the prospect of free college proposes excellent ideals such as a stronger and smarter generation, no student loan problems, and a higher educated society, the truth may actually lie in the reality thatRead MoreCollege Should Not Be Free876 Words   |  4 Pagesmake public college tuition free. A recent movement to federally mandate college funding has struck the interest of the lower, impoverished members of society. However, if college tuition were free it would be unfair, unregulated, and cost-ineffective in the long run. What does free really mean? Does it include just tuition, or room, board and books? Also, would it be completely free? Someone has to pay something somewhere down the line. There is no way to make college completely free. It would beRead MoreShould Colleges Be Free? Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesShould colleges be free in America? It is a question that is more relevant today than ever before. As education is one key factor that determines the nation’s fate going forward, this question is worth debating. Making free college education may sound good theoretically but requires herculean efforts to make it practically possible. The main question is whether such program be effective in the long run or not? If, yes how long will the government able to support these costs and from where? Are tuitionRead MoreShould College Be Free?893 Words   |  4 Pagesor not college should be free. Images of students rallying and protesting can be often seen in the news. They are in favor of making college free. I disagree and feel that college should not be free. People would be more likely to fail because there would be no financial consequence, the financial burden would be passed on to taxpayers who wouldn’t even benefit from it, and it would not be fair to those who work hard through earning scholarships and serving in the military. College should not beRead MoreCollege Should Be Free759 Words   |  3 Pages Should the cost of earning a college degree be free? Some students,parents, and educators say that it is morally wrong for a child to spend their entire life going to public school for free and having them to just turn around and pay for college. The students, parents, and educators all would agree that the cost of obtaining a college degree should indeed be free. Those who are against this issue believe that the students themselves or their parents who are financially able should pay for someRead MoreShould College Be Free844 Words   |  4 PagesShould college be free? Posted on  May 8, 2011  by  writefix Should college education be free, or should university students be required to pay tuition fees? Some countries have free education from kindergarten to university, while  students in other countries have to pay  at every step of the way.  This essay will look at some of the reasons for this difference  at university level. Free third level education has several advantages. First of all,  everyone can attend, so the gap between rich and poorRead MoreShould College Be Free?1907 Words   |  8 PagesShould College Be â€Å"Free† in America? As many young millennials rally behind Bernie Sanders and his outlandish claims of free public college for all, others sigh and shake their heads in disapproval. Are these college students really entitled to free higher education? Is it every American’s unalienable right to have a college education? Despite the recent push for free college in the United States, the economic burden and drop in personal responsibility it would create proves that colleges shouldRead MoreShould College Be Free?1916 Words   |  8 Pagesthroats since elementary, I am planning to attend college. My sisters and I being the first generation in our family to attend college, everything is a little scarier. Nothing scared me more than seeing the cost of the tuition. My parents dropped out of college after one year because they didn’t put the work in to get scholarships, and tuition was too much. My oldest sister is in her third year of college and is already planning to come out of college w ith $70,000 debt, because she is in a private school

Life of a Chinese Man During the Gilded Age Free Essays

Between 1849 and 1882, a vast group of Chinese migrated to the United States of America. Much of the Chinese who traveled to the United States were men. These men were mostly on the dream to go onboard during the gold rush in San Francisco. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of a Chinese Man During the Gilded Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though, most Chinese men found work building the transcontinental railroad. As another non-white immigrant new to the United States, challenges were brought upon to the Chinese. These group of immigrants were challenged with job security, discrimination, and harsh living conditions from the Americans and other immigrants as well. After seeing the productiveness of Chinese men during the Gold Rush and the building of the transcontinental railway, they were abundantly sought after at first. Described as quiet, manageable, productive, industrious, offers no complaints unlike the white man. The Chinese man’s advantage was a convenience for everybody. With the growth of Chinese laborers’ success in the United States, they became successful with other jobs where no other immigrant wanted to partake in. The main employments were laundry cleaning, house servants, cooks, in metropolitan areas. They were prosperous in laundry cleaning because the price they asked for the labor was a lot lower than other establishments. Chinese men made outstanding house servants because of their obedient, adept, inexhaustible attitudes. The rise of popularity from the Chinese men’s work performance soon harbored a grudge against other ethnicities. The working class of white, black, and other European immigrants were unemployed because the Chinese were the favorable workforce. Depicted in a cartoon, workers who were Irishmen, African American, war veterans, Italians, Frenchmen, and Jews build a wall upon the Chinese. This led to legislation called the Chinese Exclusion Act, aimed to inhibit future immigration of the Chinese. Hesitant to make the bill, Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes refused the bill at first in 1879. Stating the bill breached U.S. treaty agreements with China. Democrats and advocates from the west persisted on an absolute boycott on Chinese immigrants. An arrangement to appease the western states without offending China was pursued. In 1880, the Hayes Administration began to handle a new treaty with China. With the new treaty at hand, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. This act resulted in more anti-Chinese riots and hatred towards them. Racial hate towards the Chinese was prevalent but, they still seldom thought of begrudging even the most appalling insults and injuries. An example of sought were when boys from San Francisco stoned an innocuous Chinese man to death, and even with a large amount of witnesses saw the act, none intervened. Not only were the Chinese racially profiled, they were excluded to live in apprehensible conditions far below the average person. The Chinese were confined into small area’s away from the rest of the city or town. They did not object to this as they are a group of people who like to flock together. They made use of everything they had at disposal. Considered irrelevant junk to others, a Chinese man made use of it in some way. The streets were narrow and the sewage horrible. Kitchens were next to urinals. The only outlet was the urinal for waste-water and sewage to go. In a building in San Francisco where 400 people lived, there were only four toilets in the courtyard of each floor. The toilets all ran below in one pit, with no trap and all in the open creating a smell indescribable to those who were not used to it. A building in Dupont street, San Francisco had a maximum number of 97 occupants. The Chinese tenants in the building were 276, overcrowding was usual in Chinese settlements surrounded in filth. This resulted in various public health and safety codes that were violated even for that time. At the hopes of a better life and riches, the Chinese received the latter. Through all the hardships felt throughout their fellow kin, they still persevered racial injustice and discrimination. With the denial of even naturalization, a restriction to visit their homeland and the struggles of everyday life. This lasted for many more years to come. How to cite Life of a Chinese Man During the Gilded Age, Papers

Forensic Science Infrared Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Science for Infrared Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic. Answer: Introduction: A patient admitted in mental health hospital was under critical care due to psychosis. The attending physician administered medications (clozapine and quetiapine) after psychiatric assessment of the patient. Due to overdose of the medication it caused him hallucinations and delusional ideation. It worsened his symptoms and delayed the discharge. The attending nursing staff raised the issue after checking the vital signs claiming that the patient history notes have been altered. The nurse claimed that the health problem was due to the physicians breach of duty of care. The forensic document services were then notified to undertake the case. The attending physician defended the medical malpractice suit. The physician produced three pages of medical records concerning the patient. The physician claims that the patient was cautioned about the risks involved in the proposed treatment procedure. According to the physician records the second page contains a warning note. After collecting the necessary evidences the records were taken for laboratory examination. The evidences include all the prescriptions since the day of patients admission, diagnostic reports, and medical history. The records for the patients were analysed using infrared spectroscopy techniques. Technique used Infrared light is useful tool in detecting the forgery of document (Lanzarotta, 2016). An advanced light source let say an electron synchrotron can be optimised to produce beam of photons in the infrared spectrum in addition to the generation of ultraviolet rays and x-ray (Bornstein, 2015). The forensic experts for the above case study have used the IR spectromicroscopy as evidence based option to characterise the difference in the inks used on a paper. When the writings are deliberately obliterated on a document, it can be easily read with the help of infrared. For example when the signatures or numbers are raised cleverly using added pen strokes. This method has unprecedented sensitivity (Nunkoo et al., 2016). The combination of microscopy and IR spectroscopy together is a powerful analytic technique. The principle of this technique involves vibration of all the molecules at a characteristic frequency due to nonstop atomic motions. This frequency falls within the infrared spectrum. When an infrared photon is struck by an individual molecule and if the vibrational frequency of both photon and molecule matches it leads to resonance. A variety of spectroscopic techniques can be used to detect the resonating molecule (Ewing Kazarian, 2017). The advantage of using IR light is that it is non-destructive and does not cause any changes in the sample. Further effectiveness of IR spectromicroscopy (synchrotron-based) on inks has been highlighted in the study of Bornstein (2015). The IR data on the ink can detect the origin of document, stamps and currency and if it contains same ink throughout it. It can detect accurately where one ink ended and another began in the same signature or line of print. The ink used during expurgation appears transparent to infrared and the one employed by the author absorbs infrared (Nunkoo et al., 2016). In the above case study, the forensic expert has exposed the document to a specific wavelength. A long pass filter is used with the infrared viewer. In this part of the spectrum some ink absorbs the energy and emits infrared luminescence (Ewing Kazarian, 2017). Outcomes Based on the infrared results it was concluded that the physician has made disputed entries. As per the results the page containing warning note for the patient appearing as page number 3 was indeed page number 2. Other evidences too supported the patients case. It was concluded that the second page now numbered as 2 was inserted after page 3 (now numbered). The number 3 appeared light after infrared reflectance but the shape of 2 was prominent. It thus indicates that number 2 was procrastinated to convert it into 3 with an extra stroke of pen. The given figure below depicts the forgery after investigating through infrared spectroscopy. The image provided has been retrieved from website which pertains to similar case as discussed above. The authentic results of the above case study are not available due to confidentiality and privacy norms. Initially the doctor failed to adequately inform the patient about the potential risks and also did not ensure that the patient has clearly understood the details. Therefore, providing effective treatment mandates the physician to abide by the laws pertaining to informed consent as well as maintain professional competency (Beigi et al., 2015). The cause of detoriation of the patient was administration of antipsychotic drugs clozapine and quetiapine that caused symptoms similar to Parkinsonism and reduced movement (Leigh, 2015). These drugs were responsible for aggravating symptoms of the patient. Further, the physician continued with the level of dopamine that was administered during initial phase of the treatment. Further blood tests revealed high amount of dopamine in the patients body. The dopamine levels were to be reduced as it is effective in reducing the symptoms of hallucinations (Boot et al., 2015). However, the doctor did not postpone the treatment despite the problematic s ymptoms. Consequently the patient could not tolerate the worsening of psychotic symptoms. The physician did not realise the consequences until the patient was severely affected. After noticing this change that the physician altered the medical record claiming that warning note was provided to the patient regarding the medication. It was after the worsening situation of the patient that the doctor carefully insert page 2 (forged) after page 3. The findings were thus sufficient to point out that the attending mental health professional was culprit. Thus, the use of IR spectromicroscopy was useful in resolving the issue. Since, the act of forgery was detected it is convenient for the patient to file a malpractice lawsuit against the attending physician. Altered medical records thus destroy the care of the patient (Bornstein, 2015). In conclusion, forensic analysis is not only restricted to crime scene investigation but also the act of malpractices in any area. However, extra care has to be taken at the time of investigation to eliminate any potential manipulations. References Beigi, M., Asadi, L., Valiani, M., Mardani, F. (2015). Evaluating different types of malpractices in midwifery that were referred to the forensic medicine commission and the medical council between 2006 and 2011 in Isfahan province, 2013.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research,20(4), 426. Boot, E., Butcher, N. J., Vorstman, J. A. S., van Amelsvoort, T. A. M. J., Fung, W. L. A., Bassett, A. S. (2015). Pharmacological Treatment of 22q11. 2 Deletion Syndrome-related Psychoses.Pharmacopsychiatry,25(06), 219-220. Bornstein, M. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/637,892. Ewing, A. V., Kazarian, S. G. (2017). Infrared spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging in forensic science.Analyst. Lanzarotta, A. (2016). Analysis of forensic casework utilizing infrared spectroscopic imaging.Sensors,16(3), 278. Leigh, H. (2015). Common Reasons for Psychiatric Consultation. InHandbook of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry(pp. 27-38). Springer International Publishing. Nunkoo, M. I., Saib-Sunassy, M. B., Wah, H. L. K., Laulloo, S. J. (2016). Forensic Analysis of Black, Blue, Red, and Green Ballpoint Pen Inks. InCrystallizing IdeasThe Role of Chemistry(pp. 323-339). Springer International Publishing.

Can emotions be harmful free essay sample

Emotions being an instinctive and psychological attitude as distinguished from reasoning, can sometimes become an obstacle in our search for knowledge as it can colour perception, distort logic and inflame language. However, other times, emotions are necessary in our lives to bring up the pent up feelings on the surface, giving us time to self reflect and reason our beliefs maturely and wisely as well as learn from our mistakes. Personally, one instance where emotion was so strong that it completely overrode all of my other ways of knowing occurred in march, 2015 while I was playing a badminton tournament in grade nine at Superior CVI. I had been rigorously practicing badminton everyday for the last two years and putting most of my energy in improving my strength, endurance, strokes and footwork. I entered the tournament with high hopes anticipating that I would easily defeat all my opponents in my matches. However, when I was playing my first match in the tournament, I made several silly mistakes such as constantly hitting the birdie out of the court, having slow footwork and making poor shots. We will write a custom essay sample on Can emotions be harmful? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result, I lost my first match of the tournament and became exceptionally overwhelmed by strong sentiments of grief, disappointment and rage. These negative emotions clouded my judgement and completely overpowered my decisions. I felt so disgusted that despite having five more matches to play, I told my badminton coach I was not in a mental state to continue and wanted to quit the tournament. After that, for over a month, I was unable to play badminton again and wanted to relax and enjoy my time with my family members and friends. However, when my emotions settled down and reasoning took over, I started self reflecting and critically analysing my impulsive decision. At that precise moment, I felt that I had made the wrong decision to quit the tournament. I should not have let my powerful emotions overtake my mind to such an extent that they surpassed any other way of knowing and resulted in defeat. Instead, the better option would have been to talk to my friends or my coach so t hat they could have given me feedback on ways to improve for my next game and encouraged me to continue playing my matches. Also, I could have asked for a break to listen to calm music or go for a walk in order to relieve my stress. Another option would have been to take deep breaths and practice mindfulness through the coping skills of meditation and yoga. I should have used my emotions in a positive way to motivate myself, change my strategy as well as make rational decisions and choices with the goal to win my remaining matches. However, I did not explore any of the other perspectives in this situation and let my judgement become warped by my emotions. This dreadful experience allowed me to realize and learn that emotions are absolutely necessary in everyone’s life, but they can easily distort thinking and logic. On the contrary, it is crucial to acknowledge emotions and recognize how they are influencing our decisions negatively. The most important part is to connect emot ions to other ways of knowing such as reason, intuition and language so that they can successfully complement our choices. Using only one way of knowing (emotions) to totally influence our decisions is not always the right choice and it may lead to disastrous consequences. As Aristotle has mentioned through the quote, â€Å"Anyone can be angry – that is easy. But to be angry with the right person to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose and in the right way – that is not easy,† it is important to reflect our emotions such as anger towards others, but it is essential to do it in an appropriate and rational way to prevent emotions from overtaking any other ways of knowing.Recognizing the impact of emotions, I started playing badminton again in grade ten and practiced even harder to improve my strokes. Following this, in march, I decided to play again in the badminton tournament with an improved mindset and better control upon my sentiments. On the day of the tournament, I lost my second match but did not give up or let my emotions control my actions. Instead, I worked even harder, changed my badminton strategy to suit my needs, and ended up winning the tournament. From these contrasting experiences, I gained insight on how people need to be clever about their emotions, manage them, and express them in the right way to guide their thinking and behavior as well as to achieve goals. Retrospectively, I know that oftentimes people reflect their emotions in a way which does harm to others and themselves, but it is wise to learn from these experiences and mistakes in order to use emotions in a positive manner. Hence, my experiences at the badminton tournaments in Superior CVI allowed me to learn that emotions can only generate knowledge if they are used in accordance with other ways of knowing and if they are managed and expressed in the proper way.

How water uptake of a plant is affected by the number of leaves Essays

How water uptake of a plant is affected by the number of leaves Essays How water uptake of a plant is affected by the number of leaves Essay How water uptake of a plant is affected by the number of leaves Essay I will investigate how the water uptake of a plant is affected by the number of leaves using a potometer. To make it a fair test I will ensure that all factors remain constant except for the one that is manipulated. Same: Piece of plant, air pressure, light intensity/wavelength, wind speed and temperature, all done in the same lesson. Different: Leaf area/stomatal density. This is the easiest and most independent variable. For accuracy I will use Vaseline to seal the cuts where I have cut off leaves to stop water from escaping and complete the experiment in one lesson so other factors do not change too much e.g. temperature etc. Safety * Laurel is poisonous so hands should be washed thoroughly afterwards. * Glass is breakable. It should be pulled from the holder, not levered. * Glass should be put on the desk somewhere where it cant roll off. * Secateurs are sharp so care should be taken not to cut fingers. Equipment I will use a potometer. This will be connected to a plant at the top and a beaker of water at the bottom. The removal of the leaves will be done with secateurs and cut will be sealed with Vaseline. N.B. I am measuring the uptake of water not actual transpiration (water loss) because it is much easier. Measuring water loss is very difficult and requires specialist equipment. Water is lost through stomata on the underside of the leaves. Diagram of Equipment Factors that affect transpiration: There are many factors that I can change: * Temperature * Relative humidity * Light intensity * Light wavelength * Leaf area/ stomatal density* * Air pressure * Wind speed *This is the one we will change because it is the easiest most independent variable and there is a big enough change to measure as leaves are cut off. Hypothesis-leaf area affects transpiration. Predictions- 1. The plant will take up most H2O with all the leaves on. 2. When the plant has half the leaves it started with it will take up half the H2O. 3. Even with all the leaves off there will still be 10% water loss (from research*). RESEARCH: Quote from Green, Stout and Taylor biology book: Stomata: by evaporation of water from cells and diffusion of the water vapour through stomata, the pores found in the epidermis of leaves and green stems (about 90 %*). *90% of water is lost through the leaves (through stomata (pores on the underside of the leaves)). The other 10% is through lenticels. The rest of the plant (not the leaves) is not 100% waterproof. This justifies my prediction. As leaves are taken off there will be fewer stomata for water to escape through so I would expect there to be less water loss and therefore less water take-up. So leaf area is a good choice because of the stomata. Through preliminary work (below) I found there to be 75 stomata per mm2. This is a large area for water to escape through so cutting leaves off should have a large effect on the readings. I measured this by painting nail varnish on the leaves taking it off and counting the stomata under a microscope. This is described in greater detail in the preliminary work below. Accuracy * I will take a plant with enough leaves on so I can get 6 -10 different readings i.e. six leaves or sets of leaves removed. * I will take the readings for each number of leaves 5 -10 times and take a mean from the readings which will increase reliability and accuracy. * When taking readings I will wait for three consecutive readings that are similar/the same i.e. +/- 1mm from each other. * The readings will be taken at eye-level with the meniscus to ensure accuracy by reducing parallax error. * I will do one minute trials i.e. measure how far the meniscus travels in one minute. * The equipment is reliable to +/- 1mm. PRELIMINARY WORK Stomatal Densities A thin layer of clear nail varnish (about 1 cm2 area) is painted on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf. This leaf is left to dry. Using a pair of fine forceps the film of varnish is peeled off. This is placed onto a drop of water on a clean slide, covered with a cover slip and examined under a microscope on high power. The number of stomata that can be seen is counted. Results Upper surface= 0 stomata Lower surface= 15 stomata You can then work out the number of stomata in 1mm2. The actual diameter of the field of view can be read from the foot of the microscope-0.5mm, so the radius is 0.25mm. From this you can calculate the area you are looking at (?r2). (1/the area of your field of view x number of stomata) Radius of microscope ?x0.252=0.196 area of microscope 0.196 goes into 1mm 5 times 155=75 stomata per 1mm2 This is a large area for water to be lost through, so I would expect that cutting leaves off will have a dramatic effect on water uptake as the leaf area will be greatly affected. GCSE BIOLOGY COURSEWORK: Obtaining Safety I took into consideration many safety points when obtaining the evidence: * The glassware can be broken easily glass should be pulled from the holder not levered. * Laurel is poisonous hands should be washed after handling it. * Secateurs are sharp you should be careful not to cut yourself, especially when cutting the plant underwater. I also made sure I took accurate readings by: * Labelling plastic bags before leaves were put in so they did not get mixed up. * Squeezed the air out of the bags to stop the leaves changing shape. * Looking from the level of the meniscus to reduce parallax error readings were taken from the top of the meniscus. * I also waited for three consecutive near-identical readings (+/- 1mm) before recording them to increase accuracy. GCSE BIOLOGY COURSEWORK: Analysis The evidence shows that the fewer leaves the plant has, the less water it takes up. The graph shows strong negative correlation. The less leaf area left, the less water taken up. Conclusion Water is lost through the stomata on the underside of the leaves. There are about 75 stomata per mm2. Quote from Green, Stout and Taylor biology book: Stomata: by evaporation of water from cells and diffusion of the water vapour through stomata, the pores found in the epidermis of leaves and green stems (about 90 %*). *90% of water is lost through the leaves. The other 10% is through lenticels. The rest of the plant (not the leaves) is not 100% waterproof. 60072(total leaf area)/7(number of leaves=8581.714283. So the average leaf area is about 8581.7mm2. The average number of stomata per leaf was 643628.5714. This is a large area for water to be lost through. The results show us that when we remove leaves, less water is lost. This is because there is less stomata for water to be lost through. The top-side of the leaf has no stomata. Diagram of how water is lost through stomata Contours of equal concentration of water molecules; steeper potential gradient=closer contours and faster rate of diffusion. The fastest rate is at the edge of the pores. Water loss and gas exchange is more rapid through a large number of small holes than a small number of large holes with the same total area (edge effect). Water is lost very rapidly through these holes. By cutting leaves off, so there are fewer of these holes, it is bound to have a dramatic effect on the water uptake because such a large amount of water is lost through them. My results confirmed this. The graph shows strong negative correlation. The rate of water loss when leaves are removed changes evenly. I predicted: 1. Plant will take up most H2O with all leaves on. 2. When the plant has half the leaves it started with it will take up half the H2O. 3. Even with all leaves off, 10% of water will be lost /taken up (GST). The graph shows us that my first prediction was correct. The graph slopes downwards showing that as leaves were removed the water uptake was less. The graph also shows that my second prediction was correct. It did roughly have half the water loss/take-up when there were half the leaves. 6 leaves on plant = 38mm travelled by meniscus in one minute 3 leaves on plant = 18mm travelled by meniscus in one minute 38-18=2.1 This is close to 2 which would have been the result if everything was perfect. However, my third prediction did not turn out to be true. There was less than 1mm3 of water taken up with no leaves. However, this could not have worked properly (explained in more detail in evaluation). GCSE BIOLOGY COURSEWORK: Evaluation The procedure was reliable once set up. The setting up was the most difficult part. The evidence was accurate. The error bars on the graph were quite close to each other. Sometimes each reading was identical each time for the number of leaves. As long as the calculations were done correctly the final data is accurate. One problem though was air bubbles which would often become trapped by the cut part of the plants stalk. This left less area for water to be taken up so the accuracy would be affected if the bubbles were not removed. The procedure was quite good. It produced consistent results when set up properly. However, it could be improved. One problem was that there were just too many variables, e.g. air pressure, light intensity, wind speed etc. A better experiment would be one that did not have so many variables. Also, the plant is living and there would be a certain amount of shock to it when it was cut apart. A better experiment would be one where it is not cut. The experiment also needed time to get going and the plant needed time to settle down and produce consistent readings. Things that I would change are monitoring air pressure and choosing a time to do the experiment when this is constant. I would do it in a darkened room using an artificial light source which could be monitored. Temperature would also be kept constant and doors and windows would be shut to prevent air turbulence. I would cover the leaves with cling film rather than cut them off. This would reduce stress to the plant and improve t he accuracy of the readings. The evidence was reliable. The error bars were close to each other meaning the readings were (sometimes identical). The reliability though could be affected by the airlocks, other uncontrolled variables and water on the leaves. Care had to be taken to wipe off any water on the leaves. The Vaseline also had to be secure on the tips so no water could escape. You also had to make sure that your eyes were at the level of the meniscus to make accurate readings. Overall, the conclusion is sufficiently supported by the evidence. Mini-plan for second experiment If I did an experiment like this again I would do it a different way. I would measure the water loss by measuring the mass of the plant and water being taken up. Because 1g of water=1cm3 it would be easy to measure the water uptake, and therefore loss. I would take six consistent readings from the balance. This would have greater accuracy than the three readings I took in the previous experiment. Diagram of Apparatus The variables will be the same as in the last experiment but I would try to keep more of them controlled. Air pressure would be monitored. I would do the experiment in a dark room using artificial light as a light source. This would enable me to monitor the light that gets to the plant. This would improve the accuracy. The humidity could also be kept constant in the room as could temperature. Air turbulence would be kept to a minimum by closing all windows and doors and making sure that no one enters while I am doing the experiment. Another problem which I will address from the first experiment is that cutting off the leaves gave the plant shock affecting the readings. To combat this I would cover the leaves with cling film instead of cutting them off. This would cause no distress to the plant so the readings will be more accurate. The plant and apparatus would be weighed first, then I would see how the mass changes as water is sucked from the beaker. The balance would be accurate enough to detect the small weight change. I would wait for the plant to settle down and for the water uptake to become constant. I would perhaps measure the weight change in one minute and repeat six times to increase accuracy. Before I cover the leaves with cling film I will weigh the cling film first. This will stop the weight of the cling film from affecting the readings. This method would be more accurate than the last because the balance is more accurate than judging from a scale as in the last experiment. There would be no errors such as parallax with this experiment and no stress to the plant because of leaves being cut off, making this experiment much more reliable than the original.

Evaluation of the Company's Strategy Coursework

Evaluation of the Company's Strategy - Coursework Example This report assesses the current strategy of the business in the light of the Ansoff Matrix, the BCG Matrix and the SAFS Framework. The discussion also provides pertinent recommendations regarding the development of future business strategy with special focus on emerging markets and the impact of diversification. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Analysis and Critical Evaluation of the Organisation's Strategic Position 5 Analysis of the Organisation's Strategic Direction 6 Ansoff Matrix 6 BCG Matrix 9 SAFS Framework 11 Conclusions and Recommendations 12 List of References 14 Introduction Headquartered in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, Tesco PLC stands as one of the country’s premier supermarket retail chains while, maintaining its global standing in the category of top three multinational retailers (Henry 2008: 77). Presently, the extensive operations of the organization serve 14 nations and provide employment to around 520,000 dedicated members of the workf orce, additionally, the global sales of the business amount to a staggering ?72 billion with a reported increase of 5.3% in the group’s pretax profit from the previous year (Tesco PLC Annual Report 2012). Tesco’s evolution as one of the leading supermarket retail chain of the UK has been documented by strategic analysts for the purposes of assessing the progress of the public limited company in a dynamic and highly competitive business environment. Over the years, Tesco PLC’s adaptation to the changing economic conditions has been marked the initiation and implementation of various strategies. As stated by Hensmans, Johnson and Yip (2013: 5) to ensure that an organization’s future plans yield successfully or desired results, a business must modify or advance its strategic framework in a manner that is compatible with the extent of change in the environment in which its operates, as a failure to abide by this rationale may lead to the creation of a â€Å" strategic drift†. Assessing the strategic planning and implementation of Tesco PLC Hensmans, Johnson and Yip (2013: 5) comment that the organization’s process of continuous change did not surface within a specific timeframe; it was in fact a gradual and ongoing process which was characterized by Tesco PLC’s entrance into the non-food market after building a strong presence in the foods category. Additionally, establishment of appropriate distribution channels and development of the company’s supply chain also comprised of this effort of modification to effectively address the market dynamics (Hensmans, Johnson and Yip 2013: 5). The preceding discussion postulates that strategic planning and implementation is a comprehensive concept that must be examined through a multidimensional perspective. In the light of this understanding this report presents an analysis and evaluation of the existing strategy of Tesco PLC by incorporating the assistance of pertinent tools and techniques of strategic management. In conclusion the report also presents recommendations to the Board of Directors to assist the development of future business’ strategy. Analysis and Critical Evaluation of the Organisation's Strategic Position The critical analysis and evaluation of Tesco PLC can be conducted effectively by integrating the factors which exist in the